Guiding Six Year Olds

Chapter 1: The Six-Year-Old Confronted with the Cosmic Plan

As I jump back into Montessori Philosophy reading blog, I decided to start with To Educate the Human Potential. Six year olds are intrigued by nature and can use their imagination to learn lessons about earth and our existence. One thing that is difficult in this age of media and entertainment is so much exposure to stimulation where imagination is derailed towards other endeavors such as superheroes, villains, fantastical creatures, and fantasy through so much gaming and streaming. For young people it can be confusing to determine what is real. Think about how much more they would gain using their imagination to connect with our science, math, language, and sociology? Without the distraction of media influences they can absorb so much more of the actual world around them.

As a teacher it was much harder to connect with young people that lived in a fantasy world. You would actually have to meet them in their imagined world to connect with them and then try to get them interested in other endeavors beyond fantasy play. The pretend kitchen, with pretend faucets’, plastic food, pretend stoves, and useless fridges. In the outdoors these kitchens produce bark mulch concoctions that are inedible. What would they rather do? Bring them into a real kitchen. Have them help prepare real food and learn how to use a real kitchen safely with the reward of food to eat and share with others.

Chapter one starts by pointing out the difference in personality that occurs around six year olds that make them very receptive to cultural lessons. Montessori recommends sowing as many seeds of interest as possible. This way the seed is there waiting for germination later.
Another important matter for six year olds is the development of moral activity. During this time they are trying out their own judgement and trying to impose their judgements on others. “An inner change has taken place, but nature is quite logical in arousing understanding, but a claim to mental independence, a desire to distinguish good from evil by his own powers, and to resent limitation by arbitrary authority.”

Six year olds also need to participate in organized activity, mixing with others in a group. It is normal for groups to develop leaders that the others obey. It is natural for mankind to organize itself and these young people will be able to use their morality, sense of right and wrong, to be part of organized society later in life.

At this age it is also important to allow the child to learn by their own activity and allow them to follow their choices and has a need for exercising their own mind. In Montessori philosophy teachers are considered guides not dictating what it is they need to learn but giving them what they need to satisfy their curiosity. Montessori says they must have ABSOLUTE freedom of choice. This frees the teacher from syllabuses and time , but the teacher needs to be knowledgeable in every subject so the teacher can help the student in their endeavors. “We shall walk together on this path of life, for all things are part of the universe, and are connected with each other to form a whole unity. This idea helps the minds of the child to become satisfied, having found the universal center of himself with all things.”

In my experience, there are many Montessori schools that are not true to guiding students and instead impose assigned school work, worksheets, and homework. This is not in line with Montessori philosophy. I’ve had my share of sheets tracking which lessons a student has had and where they are at on their not so self led journey. In these environment I even feel a lack of freedom. If I am not free as a teacher, how can expect the students to feel they have real choices and are learning what they are wanting to learn. When I am at my best as a teacher, I am afloat watching and observing the actions of the children, thinking about what work they would want to do and looking to see how I might help draw their interest to new areas. My real work is in preparing the environment. The key to this preparation is observing the classroom.

Montessori Approach to Parenting Adult Children

I have reached a stage in my life where my children are grown. Regardless of hardships they faced as young people they have come out as independent, freethinking people, who want to make a positive change in the world. I couldn’t ask for more!

“Peace is what every human being is craving for, and it can be brought about by the humanity through the child.” Maria Montessori

If we raise children to be lifelong learners and allow them to develop and nurture their compassion from others, they could truly impact the future of our planet and world.
One thing I have to remember, is to listen and not try to solve any problems that arise unless they ask for help. They need to have the opportunity to experience success and failure. So keeping in line with Montessori principles of natural consequence, they get to experience the outcome of their choices without having someone trying to fix their mistakes for them. Often, just like me, they just want someone to listen while they work out their solutions.

I am not a fan of the approach of ‘now that you are 18 you need to move out and support yourself’. I suppose this is like teaching your child to swim by throwing them into the water. We live in a world where this could lead to desperation and choices are more limited while they are trying to figure out how to “adult”. I prefer going into the water with them and showing them and helping them learn and at the same time gently encourage them to start swimming on their own.

So for a child entering adulthood it is important to watch and see what they are confident in and see what they ask for help with in order to develop their own independence separate from you. Be available to help, but try not to do what they can do for themselves.

For a young adult learning to take care of their bodies it could be helping them learn about health insurance, selecting a doctor, making appointments, and picking up prescriptions.
They may need guidance regarding money management and learning how to use money to take care of their environment. They may request assistance in budgeting, opening bank accounts, how to make deposits, transfer money, paying bills, and taxes. These tasks when accomplished or mastered builds confidence and independence.

Parenting an adult should be a balance between showing, assisting, and acknowledgment of their ability with the goal of building their own intrinsic value and confidence that will allow them the freedom and independence to swim on their own.

Am I good?

“Rewards and punishments, to speak frankly, are the desk of the soul, that is, a means of enslaving a child’s spirit, and better suited to provoke than to prevent deformities.” Maria Montessori

Students will ask for my judgement or approval regarding their art, appearance, and behavior. My goal is for students to develop the ability to look for themselves, making their own evaluation. So my response to their questioning is usually a return question such as:

What do you think?

Do you like the work you did?

Do you think you did good?

In regards to behavior, children are often hard on themselves. I may remind them of positive points to help them balance their own evaluation. If there is some thing in their behavior they see was disappointing I may say something to the effect of “We are all learning at school” and ask “What could you do next time?” A child seeing themselves as bad does not serve their progression. Why should they try if they always fail? They need to see that they can choose to learn new ways of acting in which they achieve the results they want for themselves. They need to experience the success of evaluating their own behavior, choosing a new behavior and feeling good about that choice. In regards to rewards, this is their internal reward from inside themselves, which surpasses any sticker or sweet treat.

Journey Back to the Classroom

I spent the last ten years without the title: Montessori Teacher. Those that know me, know that it is rare to have an in depth conversation with me without the subject turning to Montessori Philosophy and the value it has had for me, not only when I was a teacher but in the way I desire to treat others.

My most recent job adventure was a sales position. I went to call on a couple of my friends who had started their own Montessori school. During the visit, I was perplexed by the comment regarding their disbelief that I was no longer teaching.

Then I asked myself, If it wasn’t about how much money you make, then what would I be doing?

Teaching.

Why?

Because I believe what Maria said,”Within the child lies the fate of future.”

About 12 years ago, a young first-grade student was writing in her daily journal and was obviously distressed and upset. She told me that she hated cancer. Cancer killed her dog and hurt other people in her family. I responded what do you want to do about it? This young person organized a school walk around the playground raising money fight cancer. Another student, in the same class, was upset that people didn’t have enough to eat and she organized a food drive for a local homeless shelter. I want to emphasize that they did it, these young people with their passion decided how to make difference. They were not shut down or even coddled, but guided at a young age to create change instead of standing idly by. With this beautiful philosophy, possibility stays open for these young people and they do not have to fall into status-quo because they experience ultimate freedom to choose and act.

I am now starting to see students I had over a decade ago evolve into young adults. Nothing gives me as much joy as watching as they blaze new paths, having had the background of Montessori education. They learn that they can try anything and that they can independently choose to make a difference in the world.

“Children are human beings to whom respect is due, superior to us by reason of their innocence and of the greater possibilities of their future.” Maria Montessori

As a Montessorian, when I see a child or newborn baby I see possibility.  All hope for the future lays in the child.  Maria saw children as the way for peace in the world.  If we do not help children learn to see themselves as possibility and instead limit them to a narrow path avoid of self expression, we are also limiting the potential of the world.

Much is discussed regarding the state of education today; however, it is not the only issue at hand in determining the success of a child.  In true Montessori environments the teacher guides the child in such a way that the child can discover their own possibilities and their place as a world citizen who is up to much more than gaining a paycheck.  In the world of technology, many children can be seduced by imaginary worlds and all the while world around them is passing by and ultimately being destroyed.

As Montessorians we should be reaching out beyond the walls of schools to encourage youth around the world to not only participate in the world, but actively join together to create a world in which they truly want to be part of and contribute to with new ideas and visions beyond our comprehension.

Montessorian approach to business

As I worked at different Montessori schools, one question always was in the back of my mind.  Why don’t the adults within the school treat each other with the same respect that they give to children in the classroom?

After Montessori education, I went on to get my MBA.  During my business studies I started developing ideas about how Montessori philosophy  could be used in business communities.  I imagined a work environment where the boss was more of a guide, encouraging and empowering employees instead of always giving all the answers and maintaining all control and power.  I imagined everyone working together towards goals and each person giving contributions not for praise but to move the whole company forward, a place where people acknowledge their mistakes and learn from those mistakes without fear of punishment.

I want to encourage those who embrace Montessori philosophy to allow it to flow into all areas of your life.  Help guide others to these ideals that promote peace and allow everyone to discover their contribution to the world.  I want to continue to discover how to apply the Montessori Philosophy in ways that really empower others through continued learning and exploration.

 

Montessori High Schools?

 
  

 Yes, there are Montessori High Scools!  As like any other Montessori program, the approach is based on what the student  needs.  At the school I work at, Montessori high school students are involved in entrepreneurial activities, help plan their trips, and are actively involved in a year long project focused on their passion.  

It makes sense to have a Montessori high school because the big picture of Montessori is to create world peace.  Montessori philosophy carries throughout the full development of a human. The Montessori student is guided through through process of becoming independent and caring for others and the natural world around them.  After adolescence, one who has had the opportunity to engage in Montessori throughouy their entire education should be able to take their place in the world as an adult who will truly contribute to a more peaceful and healthy world.

Training the Senses

“The development of the senses actually precedes that of higher intellectual faculties, and in a child between ages three and six it constitutes his formative period.” (p.143 para. 4)

Montessori education focuses on helping the child develop naturally and during his Early Childhood years a child is growing and adapting to his environment around them.  They are attracted primarily to discover things they can discover through their senses.  What a key time to hone in on observation skills as well as discerning slight differences between stimuli!  Often children in this age group truly enjoy the sensorial exercises where that practice sorting, organization, and grading exercises picking up on the smallest differences and elements that can attribute to their success in their future careers.

One example is the chef who may need to determine how much more seasoning to add to a dish using sight, taste or smell.  A doctor may need to be able to pick up on various symptoms through observing with their senses such as listening carefully to heartbeat.

Montessori, M. (1972). Generalizations on the training of the senses. In The discovery of the child (pp. 143-152) New York: Ballantine.

Cylinder Block Exercises

“There naturally follows as the result of the repetition of this exercise a sharpening of the eye in making distinctions, a greater keenness in observation, and a greater attentiveness in carrying out a systematic operation; and this in turn stimulates the reasoning power, which notices and corrects its errors.” (p. 125, para. 2)

For those that have not had formal Montessori Training, the purposes behind the Montessori materials may not be realized.  One mysterious work is the solid insets, more commonly called cylinder blocks.  These blocks contain groups of ten cylinders.   Maria discusses the composition of the insets in great detail down to the size in decreasing diameters, heights or both.   An additional benefit of the exercise is that when the child removes and replaces the cylinder using the small knobs on top, they are using their pincer grip muscle, preparing the child for holding a pen or pencil.

The spaces inside the block act as a control of error for the student.  In the cylinder set that differentiates itself in height alone, the child will notice when the wrong cylinder into the wrong space. It will be evident as the cylinder will either stick out too far or be swallowed up by the hole.  In another set, where all the cylinders are the same height and differentiate by width alone, the correction may occur at the end when one cylinder is left that does not fit into the remaining hole.  At this point, the child will need to look to see where the error was made.  When the cylinder block contains cylinders of different widths and heights, the control of error still exists and the child continues to learn to distinguish different dimensions at a more complex level.

 

Montessori, M. (1972). The Exercises. In The discovery of the child (pp. 123-125) New York: Ballantine.

Touch and Movement

“Little children, in fact, touch everything they see, thus obtaining a double image (visual and muscular) of the countless different objects they encounter in their environment.” (p.116, para 2)

When a teacher presents the sounds of the alphabet to the child, she does so by saying the sound and tracing the shape of the sound with her finger.  She then invites the child to do the same.  The presentation of the lesson incorporates auditory, visual, and touch.  The movement of the tracing develops muscle memory and connects their movement to the image they see.  When children begin writing their muscles will remember the movements they traced when introduced to the letter.

Students grade, sort and match sensorial objects isolating the skills associated with differentiating objects using the senses.  They work towards mastery and in some cases enjoy doing the matching using a blindfold.  They enjoy developing the ability to see with their hands!

Montessori, M. (1972). The Exercises. In The discovery of the child (pp. 116-120) New York: Ballantine.